The Dark Ages

1.  The idea of the "Dark Ages" came from later scholars who were heavily biased toward Ancient Rome.

  • in  467 A.D., Germanic people conquered the Roman Empire in the West 
  • the time period became popularly known as the "Dark Ages" because most of the written records had a strong Rome bias. 
  • the literacy rate was lower in this time than in the Early Middle Ages 
  • the idea of the "Dark Ages" came from Renaissance scholars
  • in the "Dark Ages" no great leaders emerged, no scientific accomplishments were made and no great art was produced.
2.  The Church replaced the Roman Empire as the most powerful force in Europe, redefining the relationship between church and state.
  • Europe in the Early Middle Ages lacked a large kingdom or political structures
  • the medieval Church grew into the most powerful institution in Europe
  • in 1000-1300 A.D. a movement began with ST. Anthony of Egypt and rose to its most influential point in the Middle Ages.
  • during the early medieval period,  many rulers drew much of their power from their relationship with the Church.
  • Beginning with Gregory the Great (590 to 604), there was a rise of a strong papacy, European monarchs could not monopolize power.

3.  The growth of monasticism had important implications for later Western values and attitudes.

  • because the dominance of the Church during the Early Middle Ages was so important and major, scholars later considered this period as "enlightened."
  • early Christian monasteries encouraged literacy and learning.
  • many medieval monks were patrons of the arts and artists.
  • a monk named Benedict of Nursia founded the monastery of Montecassino.
  • the monastery of Montecassino later become a model for most Western monasteries.

4. The Early Middle Ages were boom times for agriculture.

  • in the south, before the Early Middle Ages, Europe's agriculture was limited.
  • but later many inventions were discovered to improve Europe's agriculture prosperity
  •  the heavy plough and the horse collar was invented during this time.
  • scientist believed that the world experienced warm conditions called the Medieval Warm Period took places from 900 to 1300.
  • because of the new inventions and good weather conditions it made agriculture doable

5. Great advanced were made in science and math - in the Islamic world.

  • during the Early Middle Ages progress was slow but steady in Western Europe.
  • it was the foundations for future advances and accomplishments later in the medieval period.
  • the Islamic built a foundation of Greek and other ancient texts, in mathematics and sciences, translated into Arabic.
  • the translation of "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing," by al-Khwarizmi introduced Europe to algebra.
  •  al-Khwarizmi's name in Latin gave us the word "algorgrithm"

6. The Carolingian Renaissance saw a flowering in the arts, literature, architecture and other cultural realms.

  • the son of Pepin the Short, Karl, inherited the Frankish kingdom with his brother Carloman in 786.
  • in 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne "emperor of the Romans" and "Holy Roman Emperor.
  • an advancement of Charlemagne's rulers was standard writing script, known as Carolingian minuscule.
  • it revolutionized reading and writing and the production of books and other documents. 
  • the Carolingian dynasty ended by the end of the ninth century but his legacy provided the foundation for books, schools, curricula,  teaching techniques, the Renaissance and other cultural festivals









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