Early River Valley Civilization, 3500 B.C. - 450 B.C.

1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
Fertile Crescent is a region of land curved shape and richness of it's land that made it easy for farmers to farm.
Mesopotamia is a name for a land in the Fertile Crescent.In Greek it means the "land between rivers."
City State each city and it surrounding land is controlled. It functioned as much as an independent country.
Dynasty is a series of rulers from a single family, passing  their power to their son.
Cultural Diffusion is the process in which a new idea or product spreads from one country to another.
Polytheism is the belief in many gods.
Empire brings together serval people, nations nor [previously independent states under control of one rule.
Hammurabi is a ruler who was known for ruling during the peak of the Babyolian Empire.

Guided Reading - Problems & Solutions
 Part A-
Problem - With flooding of the rivers unpredictable, how could farmers water their fields during the dry summer months?
Solution - The farmers would use irrigation ditches.

Problem - With no natural barriers, how could villagers protect themselves?
Solution - Villagers could protect themselves by building mud brick walls.

Problem - With limited natural resources, how could Sumerians get the materials
for tools and buildings?
Solution - Sumerians could trade with others to get the tools and necessities for there everyday life.

Problem - How should the Sumerian city-states be ruled?
Solution - The Sumerian city-states can be ruled by dynasties

Problem -  What could be done to please the gods and earn their protection in life?
Solution - To please the gods and earn their protection in life, the people could offer scarifices.

Part B -
An example of religion is polytheism, the belief in many gods.
An example of literature is the Epic of Gilgamesh.
An example of agriculture is columns, arches, and ramps
An example of inventions is wheel, sail, tablets, and number systems

USING YOUR NOTES- FROM THE READING GUIDE
2. Which of the problems you listed required the most complex solution? Explain.
Some problems that I listed were floods, climate,  no natural barriers and limited resources. Some solutions are irrigation ditches, walled cities, and trade with other groups.

MAIN IDEAS
3. What were the three environmental challenges to Sumerians?
Three environmental challenges to the Sumerians were unpredictable floods/climate, few natural defenses, limited natural resources.
4. How did the Sumerians view the gods?
The Sumerians viewed the gods as an explanation to everything weather related.
5. What areas of life did Hammurabi’s Code cover?
Areas of life that Hammurabi's Code covered was community, including family rations, business conduct, and crime.

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